一起来看一个Zabbix与RRDtool绘图篇之用ZabbixAPI取监控数据技巧文章,希望下文可以帮助到各位。
经过一个星期的死磕,Zabbix取数据和RRDtool绘图都弄清楚了,做第一运维平台的时候绘图取数据是直接从Zabbix的数据库取的,显得有点笨拙,不过借此也了解了Zabbix数据库结构还是有不少的收获。
学习Zabbix的API官方文档少不了,官方文档地址链接https://wsw.zabbix.com/documentation/ 大家选择对应的版本就好了,不过2.0版本的API手册位置有点特别开始我还以为没有,后来找到了如下https://wsw.zabbix.com/documentation/2.0/manual/appendix/api/api 用ZabbixAPI取监控数据的思路大致是这样的,先获取所有监控的主机,再遍历每台主机获取每台主机的所有图形,最后获取每张图形每个监控对象(item)的最新的监控数据或者一定时间范围的数据。 下面按照上面的思路就一段一段的贴出我的程序代码:
1、登录Zabbix获取通信token
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
import json
import urllib2
import sys
##########################
class Zabbix:
def __init__(self):
self.url = "//xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:xxxxx/api_jsonrpc.php"
self.header = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
self.authID = self.user_login()
def user_login(self):
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "user.login",
"params": {"user": "用户名", "password": "密码"},
"id": 0})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url,data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key,self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
print "Auth Failed, Please Check Your Name And Password:",e.code
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
authID = response["result"]
return authID
##################通用请求处理函数####################
def get_data(self,data,hostip=""):
request = urllib2.Request(self.url,data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key,self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
if hasattr(e, "reason"):
print "We failed to reach a server."
print "Reason: ", e.reason
elif hasattr(e, "code"):
print "The server could not fulfill the request."
print "Error code: ", e.code
return 0
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
return response
2、获取所有主机
#####################################################################
#获取所有主机和对应的hostid
def hostsid_get(self):
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "host.get",
"params": { "output":["hostid","status","host"]},
"auth": self.authID,
"id": 1})
res = self.get_data(data)["result"]
#可以返回完整信息
#return res
hostsid = []
if (res != 0) and (len(res) != 0):
for host in res:
if host["status"] == "1":
hostsid.append({host["host"]:host["hostid"]})
elif host["status"] == "0":
hostsid.append({host["host"]:host["hostid"]})
else:
pass
return hostsid
返回的结果是一个列表,每个元素是一个字典,字典的key代表主机名,value代表hostid
3、获取每台主机的每张图形
###################################################################
#查找一台主机的所有图形和图形id
def hostgraph_get(self, hostname):
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "host.get",
"params": { "selectGraphs": ["graphid","name"],
"filter": {"host": hostname}},
"auth": self.authID,
"id": 1})
res = self.get_data(data)["result"]
#可以返回完整信息rs,含有hostid
return res[0]["graphs"]
注意传入的参数是主机名而不是主机id,结果也是由字典组成的列表。
4、获取每张图的监控对象item
#可以返回完整信息rs,含有hostid
tmp = res[0]["items"]
items = []
for value in tmp:
if "$" in value["name"]:
name0 = value["key_"].split("[")[1].split("]")[0].replace(",", "")
name1 = value["name"].split()
if "CPU" in name1:
name1.pop(-2)
name1.insert(1,name0)
else:
name1.pop()
name1.append(name0)
name = " ".join(name1)
tmpitems = {"itemid":value["itemid"],"delay":value["delay"],"units":value["units"],"name":name,"value_type":value["value_type"],
"lastclock":value["lastclock"],"lastvalue":value["lastvalue"]}
else:
tmpitems = {"itemid":value["itemid"],"delay":value["delay"],"units":value["units"],"name":value["name"],"value_type":value["value_type"],
"lastclock":value["lastclock"],"lastvalue":value["lastvalue"]}
items.append(tmpitems)
return items
返回的数据已经包含了最新的一次监控数据的值和取值的时间戳,如果只需要取最新的监控数据,到这里其实就可以了,记得这次传入的参数是graphid。
5、根据itemid取得更多的监控数据
下面是取10条监控数据,可以任意更改参数获取更多的数据,全凭自己所需了。
################################################################
#获取历史数据,history必须赋值正确的类型0,1,2,3,4 float,string,log,integer,text
def history_get(self, itemid, i):
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "history.get",
"params": { "output": "extend",
"history": i,
"itemids": itemid,
"sortfield": "clock",
"sortorder": "DESC",
"limit": 10},
"auth": self.authID,
"id": 1})
res = self.get_data(data)["result"]
return res
上面的所有代码加起来就是一个Zabbix取数据的类。取出来的数据可以用RRDtool绘图或做其它用途了