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1.Mostofushavemorethingsthanweneedanduse.Attimestheypileupincornersandclosetsaccumulate,intherecessesofattics,basementsgarages.Butwesortthroughourclutterperiodicalandcleanitup,savingonlywhatwereallyneedandgivingawayorthrowingouttheexcess.Thisisn"tcase,unfortunately,withpeoplewecall"packrats"thosewhocollect,saveorhoardinsatiably,oftenwithonlythevaguerationalethattheitemsmaysomedaybeuseful.Andbecausetheyrarelywinnowwhattheysaveitgrowsandgrows.
2.Whilesomepackratsspecializeinwhattheycollect,othersseemtosaveindiscriminately.Andwhattheykeep,suchasjunkmail,supermarketreceipts,newspapers,businessmemos,emptycans,clothesoroldChristmasandbirthdaycards,oftenseemtobeworthless.Evenwhenitemshavesomevalue,suchaslumberscraps,fabricremnants,autoparts,shoesandplasticmeattrays,theytendtobekeptinhugequantitiesthatnoonecoulduseinalifetime.
3.Althoughpackratscollect,theyaredifferentfromcollectors,whosaveinasystematicway.CollectorsusuallyspecializeinoneofafewCLASSesofobjects,whichtheyorganize,displayandevencatalogue.Butpackratstendtostockpile.Theirpossessionshaphazardlyandseldomusethem.
4.Ourinterestinpackratswassparkedbyacombinationofpersonalexperiencewithsomeolderrelativesandrecognitionofsimilarsavingpatternsinsomeyoungerclientsoneofussawintherapysessions.Untilthen,we,likemostpeople,assumedthatpackratswereallolderpeoplewhohadlivedthroughtheGreatDepressionofthe1930s--eccentricswhowerestockpilingstuffjustincaseanotherDepressioncamealong.Weweresurprisedtodiscoverayoungergenerationofpackrats,bornlongafterthe1930s.
5.Noneoftheseclientsidentifiedthemselvesduringtherapyaspackratsorindicatedthattheirhoardingtendencieswerecausingproblemsinanyway.Onlyaftertheirpartnerstoldushowannoyedandangrytheywereaboutthepackratsunwillingnesstocleanupthegrowingmessathomedidtheyacknowledgetheirbehavior.Eventhen,theydefendeditandhadlittleinterestinchanging.Therealproblem,theyimplied,wastheirpartner"sintoleranceratherthantheirownhoarding.
6.Likemostpeople,wehadviewedexcessivesavingasarareandharmlesseccentricity.Butwhenwediscussedourinitialobservationswithothers,wegraduallycametorealizethatalmosteveryonewemeteitheradmittedtosomestrongpack-rattendenciesorseemedtoknowsomeonewhohadthem.Perhapsthegreatestsurprise,however,washoweagerpeopleweretodiscusstheirownpack-ratexperiences.Althoughourobservationsareadmittedlybasedonasmallsample,wenowbelievethatsuchbehavioriscommonandthat,particularlywhenitisextreme,itmaycreateproblemsforthepackratsorthoseclosetothem.
7.Whenweturnedtothepsychologicalliterature,wefoundsurprisinglylittleabouthumancollectingorhoardingingeneralandalmostnothingaboutpack-ratbehavior.Psychoanalysesviewhoardingasonecharacteristicofthe"anal"character,type,firstdescribedbyFreud.ErichFrommlateridentifiedthe"hoardingorientation"asoneofthefourbasicwaysinwhichpeoplemayadjustunproductivelytolife共4页，当前第1页1234※本文作者：未知※
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