故事大全演讲稿栏目为您提供各种优秀的经典的英语演讲稿，快来品读英语演讲稿:TED英语演讲稿：6个月学会一门外语
简介：为什么有的人学了XX年的英语还是开不了口?而另一些人却能迅速掌握一门外语?上世纪80年代，语言学家chrislonsdale来到中国，仅用6个月的时间他就能说出流利的普通话。他是怎么做到的?一起来听听他的学习方法吧!
haveyoueverheldaquestioninmindforsolongthatitbecomespartofhowyouthink?maybeevenpartofwhoyouareasaperson?welli’vehadaquestioninmymindformany,manyyearsandthatis:howcanyouspeeduplearning?now,thisisaninterestingquestionbecauseifyouspeeduplearningyoucanspendlesstimeatschool.andifyoulearnreallyfast,youprobablywouldn’thavetogotoschoolatall.
now,wheniwasyoung,schoolwassortofokaybutifoundquiteoftenthatschoolgotinthewayoflearningsoihadthisquestioninmind:howdoyoulearnfaster?andthisbeganwheniwasvery,veryyoung,wheniwasaboutelevenyearsoldiwrotealettertoresearchersinthesovietunion,askingabouthypnopaedia,thisissleeplearning,whereyougetataperecorder,youputitbesideyourbedanditturnsoninthemiddleofthenightwhenyou’resleeping,andyou’resupposedtobelearningfromthis.
agoodidea,unfortunatelyitdoesn’twork.but,hypnopaediadidopenthedoorstoresearchinotherareasandwe’vehadincrediblediscoveriesaboutlearningthatbeganwiththatfirstquestion.iwentonfromtheretobecomepassionateaboutpsychologyandihavebeeninvolvedinpsychologyinmanywaysfortherestofmylifeupuntilthispoint.in1981itookmyselftochinaandidecidedthatiwasgoingtobenativelevelinchineseinsidetwoyears.
now,youneedtounderstandthatin1981,everybodythoughtchinesewasreally,reallydifficultandthatawesternercouldstudyfortenyearsormoreandneverreallygetverygoodatit.andialsowentinwithadifferentideawhichwas:takingalloftheconclusionsfrompsychologicalresearchuptothatpointandapplyingthemtothelearningprocess.whatwasreallycoolwasthatinsixmonthsiwasfluentinmandarinchineseandtookalittlebitlongertogetuptonative.butilookedaroundandisawallofthesepeoplefromdifferentcountriesstrugglingterriblywithchinese,isawchinesepeoplestrugglingterriblytolearnenglishandotherlanguages,andsomyquestiongotrefineddownto:howcanyouhelpanormaladultlearnanewlanguagequickly,easilyandeffectively?
nowthisareally,reallyimportantquestionintoday’sworld.wehavemassivechallengeswithenvironmentwehavemassivechallengeswithsocialdislocation,withwars,allsortsofthingsgoingonandifwecan’tcommunicatewe’rereallygoingtohavedifficultysolvingtheseproblems.soweneedtobeabletospeakeachother’slanguages,thisisreally,reallyimportant.
thequestionthenishowdoyoudothat.well,it’sactuallyreallyeasy.youlookaroundforpeoplewhocanalreadydoit,youlookforsituationswhereit’salreadyworkingandthenyouidentifytheprinciplesandapplythem.it’scalledmodellingandi’vebeenlookingatlanguagelearningandmodellinglanguagelearningforaboutfifteentotwentyyearsnow.
andmyconclusion,myobservationfromthisisthatanyadultcanlearnasecondlanguagetofluencyinsidesixmonths.nowwhenisaythis,mostpeoplethinki’mcrazy,thisisnotpossible.soletmeremindeverybodyofthehistoryofhumanprogress,it’sallaboutexpandingourlimits.
in1950everybodybelievedthatrunningonemileinfourminuteswasimpossibleandthenrogerbannisterdiditin1956andfromthereit’sgotshorterandshorter.100yearsagoeverybodybelievedthatheavystuffdoesn’tfly.exceptitdoesandweallknowthis.howdoesheavystufffly?wereorganisethematerialsusingprinciplesthatwehavelearnedfromobservingnature,birdsinthiscase.andtodaywe’vegoneeverfurther,soyoucanflyacar.youcanbuyoneoftheseforacouplehundredthousandusdollars.wenowhavecarsintheworldthatcanfly.andthere’sadifferentwaytoflythatwe’velearnedfromsquirrels.soallyouneedtodoiscopywhataflyingsquirreldoes,buildasuitcalledawingsuitandoffyougo,youcanflylikeasquirrel.
no,mostpeople,alotofpeople,iwouldn’tsayeverybodybutalotofpeoplethinktheycan’tdraw.howevertherearesomekeyprinciples,fiveprinciplesthatyoucanapplytolearningtodrawandyoucan2actuallylearntodrawinfivedays.so,ifyoudrawlikethis,youlearntheseprinciplesforfivedaysandapplythemandafterfivedaysyoucandrawsomethinglikethis.nowiknowthisistruebecausethatwasmyfirstdrawingandafterfivedaysofapplyingtheseprinciplesthatwaswhatiwasabletodo.andilookedatthisandiwent‘wow,’sothat’showilooklikewheni’mconcentratingsointenselythatmybrainisexploding.so,anybodycanlearntodrawinfivedaysandinthesameway,withthesamelogic,anybodycanlearnasecondlanguageinsixmonths.
how:therearefiveprinciplesandsevenactions.theremaybeafewmorebuttheseareabsolutelycore.andbeforeigetintothoseijustwanttotalkabouttwomyths,dispeltwomyths.thefirstisthatyouneedtalent.letmetellyouaboutzoe.zoecamefromaustralia,wenttoholland,wastryingtolearndutch,strugglingagreatdealandfinallypeopleweresaying:‘you’recompletelyuseless,’‘you’renottalented,’‘giveup,’‘you’reawasteoftime’andshewasvery,verydepressed.andthenshecameacrossthesefiveprinciples,shemovedtobrazilandsheappliedthemandwithinsixmonthsshewasfluentinportuguese,sotalentdoesn’tmatter.
peoplealsothinkthatimmersioninanewcountryisthewaytolearnalanguage.butlookaroundhongkong,lookatallthewesternerswho’vebeenherefortenyears,whodon’tspeakawordofchinese.lookatallthechineselivinginamerica,britain,australia,canadahavebeenthereten,twentyyearandtheydon’tspeakanyenglish.immersionpersedoesn’tnotwork,why?becauseadrowningmancannotlearntoswim.whenyoudon’tspeakalanguageyou’relikeababyandifyoudropyourselfintoacontextwhichisalladultstalkingaboutstuffoveryourhead,youwon’tlearn.
so,whatarethefiveprinciplesthatyouneedtopayattentionto;first:thefourwords,attention,meaning,relevanceandmemory,andtheseinterconnectinveryimportantways.especiallywhenyou’retalkingaboutlearning.comewithmeonajourneythroughaforest.yougoonawalkthroughaforestandyouseesomethinglikethis.littlemarksonatree,maybeyoupayattention,maybeyoudon’t.yougoanotherfiftymetresandyouseethis.youshouldbepayingattention.anotherfiftymetres,ifyouhaven’tbeenpayingattention,youseethis.
andatthispoint,you’repayingattention.andyou’vejustlearnedthatthisisimportant,it’srelevantbecauseitmeansthis,andanythingthatisrelated,anyinformationrelatedtoyoursurvivalisstuffthatyou’regoingtopayattentiontoandthereforeyou’regoingtorememberit.ifit’srelatedtoyourpersonalgoalsthenyou’regoingtopayattentiontoit,ifit’srelevantyou’regoingtorememberit.so,thefirstrule,thefirstprincipleforlearningalanguageisfocusonlanguagecontentthatisrelevanttoyou.whichbringsustotools.wemastertoolbyusingtoolsandwelearntoolsthefastestwhentheyarerelevanttous.
soletmeshareastory.akeyboardisatool.typingchineseacertainway,therearemethodsforthis.that’satool.ihadacolleaguemanyyearsagowhowenttonightschool;tuesdaynight,thursdaynight,twohourseachnight,practicingathome,shespentninemonths,andshedidnotlearntotypechinese.andonenightwehadacrisis.wehadfortyeighthourstodeliveratrainingmanualinchinese.andshegotthejob,andicanguaranteeyouinfortyeighthours,shelearnedtotypechinesebecauseitwasrelevant,itwasimportant,itwasmeaningful,shewasusingatooltocreatevalue.sothesecondtoolforlearningalanguageistouseyourlanguageasatooltocommunicaterightfromdayone.
asakiddoes.whenifirstarrivedinchinaididn’tspeakawordofchinese,andonmysecondweekigottotakeatrainrideovernight.ispenteighthourssittinginthediningcaretalkingtooneoftheguardsonthetrain,hetookaninterestinmeforsomereason,andwejustchattedallnightinchineseandhewasdrawingpicturesandmakingmovementswithhishandsandfacialexpressionsandpiecebypiecebypieceiunderstoodmoreandmore.butwhatwasreallycool,wastwoweekslater,whenpeopleweretalkingchinesearoundme,iwasunderstandingsomeofthisandihadn’tevenmadeanyefforttolearnthat.
whathadhappened,i’dabsorbeditthatnightonthetrain,whichbringsustothethirdprinciple.whenyoufirstunderstandthemessage,thenyouwillacquirethelanguage3unconsciously.andthisisreally,reallywelldocumentednow,it’ssomethingcalledcomprehensibleinputandthere’stwentyorthirtyyearsofresearchonthis,stephenkrashen,aleaderinthefieldhaspublishedallsortsofthesedifferentstudiesandthisisjustfromoneofthem.thepurplebarsshowthescoresondifferenttestsforlanguage.thepurplepeoplewerepeoplewhohadlearnedbygrammarandformalstudy,thegreenonesaretheoneswholearnedbycomprehensibleinput.so,comprehensionworks.comprehensioniskeyandlanguagelearningisnotaboutaccumulatinglotsofknowledge.inmany,manywaysit’saboutphysiologicaltraining.
awomaniknowfromtaiwandidgreatatenglishatschool,shegotagradesallthewaythrough,wentthroughcollege,agrades,wenttotheusandfoundshecouldn’tunderstandwhatpeopleweresaying.andpeoplestartedaskingher:‘areyoudeaf?’andshewas.englishdeaf.becausewehavefiltersinourbrainthatfilternthesoundsthatwearefamiliarwithandtheyfilteroutthesoundsoflanguageswe’renot.andifyoucan’thearit,youwon’tunderstanditandifyoucan’tunderstandit,you’renotgoingtolearnit.soyouactuallyhavetobeabletohearthesesounds.andtherearewaystodothatbutit’sphysiologicaltraining.speakingtakesmuscle.you’vegotforty-threemusclesinyourface,youhavetocoordinatethoseinawaythatyoumakesoundsthatotherpeoplewillunderstand.
ifyou’veeverdoneanewsportforacoupleofdays,andyouknowhowyourbodyfeels?andithurts?ifyourfaceishurtingyou’redoingitright.andthefinalprincipleisstate.psycho-physiologicalstate.ifyou’resad,angry,worried,upset,you’renotgoingtolearn.period.ifyou’rehappy,relaxed,inanalphabrainstate,curious,you’regoingtolearnreallyquickly,andveryspecificallyyouneedtobetolerantofambiguity.ifyou’reoneofthosepeoplewhoneedstounderstand100%everywordyou’rehearing,youwillgonuts,becauseyou’llbeincrediblyupsetallthetime,becauseyou’renotperfect.ifyou’recomfortablewithgettingsome,notgettingsome,justpayingattentiontowhatyoudounderstand,you’regoingtobefine,you’llberelaxedandyou’llbelearningquickly.
sobasedonthosefiveprinciples,whatarethesevenactionsthatyouneedtotake?numberone:listenalot.icallitbrainsoaking.youputyourselfinacontextwhereyou’rehearingtonsandtonsofalanguageanditdoesn’tmatterifyouunderstanditornot.you’relisteningtopatterns,you’relisteningtothingsthatrepeat,you’relisteningtothingsthatstandout.so,justsoakyourbraininthis.thesecondaction:isthatyougetthemeaningfirst,evenbeforeyougetthewords.yougowellhowdoidothat,idon’tknowthewords,well,youunderstandwhatthesedifferentposturesmean.humancommunicationisbodylanguageinmany,manyways,somuchbodylanguage.
frombodylanguageyoucanunderstandalotofcommunication,therefore,you’reunderstanding,you’reacquiringthroughcomprehensibleinput.andyoucanalsousepatternsthatyoualreadyknow.ifyou’reachinesespeakerofmandarinandcantoneseandyougovietnam,youwillunderstand60%ofwhattheysaytoyouindailyconversation,becausevietnameseisabout30%mandarin,30%cantonese.thethirdaction:startmixing.youprobablyhaveneverthoughtofthisbutifyou’vegottenverbs,tennounsandtenadjectivesyoucansayonethousanddifferentthings.
languageisacreativeprocess.whatdobabiesdo?okay:me.bat(h).now.okay,that’showtheycommunicate.sostartmixing,getcreative,havefunwithit,itdoesn’thavetobeperfectitjusthastowork.andwhenyou’redoingthisyoufocusonthecore.whatdoesthatmean?wellanylanguageishighfrequencycontent.inenglish1000wordscovers85%ofanythingyou’reevergoingtosayindailycommunication.3000wordsgivesyou98%ofanythingyou’regoingtosayindailyconversation.yougot3000words,you’respeakingthelanguage.therestisicingonthecake.andwhenyou’rejustbeggingwithanewlanguagestartwiththetoolbox.weeknumberoneinyournewlanguage4yousaythingslike:‘howdoyousaythat?’‘idon’tunderstand,’‘repeatthatplease,’‘whatdoesthatmean,’allinyourtargetlanguage.you’reusingitasatool,makingitusefultoyou,it’srelevanttolearnotherthingsaboutthelanguage.it’sbyweektwothatyoushouldbesayingthingslike:‘me,’‘this,’‘you,’‘that,’‘give,’youknow,‘hot,’simplepronouns,simplenouns,simpleverbs,simpleadjectives,communicatinglikeababy.andbythethirdorfourthweek,you’regettingintowhaticallgluewords.‘although,’‘but,’‘therefore,’thesearelogicaltransformersthattiebitsofalanguagetogether,allowingyoutomakemorecomplexmeaning.atthatpointyou’retalking.
andwhenyou’redoingthat,youshouldgetyourselfalanguageparent.ifyoulookathowchildrenandparentinteract,you’llunderstandwhatthismeans.whenachildisspeaking,it’llbeusingsimplewords,simplecombinations,sometimesquitestrange,sometimesverystrangepronunciationandotherpeoplefromoutsidethefamilydon’tunderstandit.buttheparentsdo.andsothekidhasasafeenvironment,getsconfidence.theparentstalktothechildrenwithbodylanguageandwithsimplelanguagewhichtheyknowthechildunderstands.sowehaveacomprehensibleinputenvironmentthat’ssafe,weknowitworksotherwisenoneofyouwouldspeakyourmothertongue.soyougetyourselfalanguageparent,who’ssomebodyinterestedinyouasapersonwhowillcommunicatewithyouessentiallyasanequal,butpayattentiontohelpyouunderstandthemessage.therearefourrulesofalanguageparent.spousesbythewayarenotverygoodatthis,okay?butthefourrulesare,firstofall,theywillworkhardtounderstandwhatyoumeanevenwhenyou’rewayoffbeat.
secondly,theywillnevercorrectyourmistakes.thirdlytheywillfeedbacktheirunderstandingofwhatyouaresayingsoyoucanrespondappropriatelyandgetthatfeedbackandthentheywillusewordsthatyouknow.thesixththingyouhavetodo,iscopytheface.yougottogetthemusclesworkingright,soyoucansoundinawaythatpeoplewillunderstandyou.there’sacoupleofthingsyoudo.oneisthatyouhearhowitfeels,andfeelhowitsoundswhichmeansyouhaveafeedbackloopoperatinginyourface,butideallyifyoucanlookatanativespeakerandjustobservehowtheyusetheirface,letyourunconsciousmindabsorbtherules,thenyou’regoingtobeabletopickitup.andifyoucan’tgetanativespeakertolookat,youcanusestufflikethis:[slides].andthefinalideahere,thefinalactionyouneedtotakeissomethingthaticall“directconnect.”whatdoesthismean?wellmostpeoplelearningasecondlanguagesortoftakethemothertonguewordsandtakethetargetwordsandgooverthemagainandagainintheirmindtotryandrememberthem.reallyinefficient.whatyouneedtodoisrealisethateverythingyouknowisanimageinsideyourmind,it’sfeelings,ifyoutalkaboutfireyoucansmellthesmokeyoucanhearthecrackling,youcanseetheflames,sowhatyoudo,isyougointothatimageryandallofthatmemoryandyoucomeoutwithanotherpathway.
soicallit‘samebox,differentpath.’youcomeoutofthatpathway,youbuilditovertimeyoubecomemoreandmoreskilledatjustconnectingthenewsoundstothoseimagesthatyoualreadyhave,intothatinternalrepresentation.andovertimeyouevenbecomenaturallygoodatthatprocess,thatbecomesunconscious.so,therearefiveprinciplesthatyouneedtoworkwith,sevenactions,ifyoudoanyofthem,you’regoingtoimprove.andrememberthesearethingsunderyourcontrolasthelearner.dothemallandyou’regoingtobefluentinasecondlanguageinsixmonths.thankyou.
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